libstdc++
exception
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1 // Exception Handling support header for -*- C++ -*-
2 
3 // Copyright (C) 1995-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4 //
5 // This file is part of GCC.
6 //
7 // GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 // the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
10 // any later version.
11 //
12 // GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 // GNU General Public License for more details.
16 //
17 // Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
18 // permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
19 // 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
20 
21 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
22 // a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
23 // see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see
24 // <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
25 
26 /** @file exception
27  * This is a Standard C++ Library header.
28  */
29 
30 #ifndef __EXCEPTION__
31 #define __EXCEPTION__
32 
33 #ifdef _GLIBCXX_SYSHDR
34 #pragma GCC system_header
35 #endif
36 
37 #include <bits/c++config.h>
38 #include <bits/exception.h>
39 
40 #define __glibcxx_want_uncaught_exceptions
41 #define __glibcxx_want_constexpr_exceptions
42 #define __glibcxx_want_exception_ptr_cast
43 #include <bits/version.h>
44 
45 extern "C++" {
46 
47 namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
48 {
49  /** @addtogroup exceptions
50  * @{
51  */
52 
53  /** If an %exception is thrown which is not listed in a function's
54  * %exception specification, one of these may be thrown.
55  *
56  * @ingroup exceptions
57  */
58  class bad_exception : public exception
59  {
60  public:
61  _GLIBCXX26_CONSTEXPR bad_exception() _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT { }
62 
63 #if __cplusplus >= 202400L
64  [[__gnu__::__gnu_inline__]]
65  constexpr inline virtual ~bad_exception() _GLIBCXX_TXN_SAFE_DYN noexcept {}
66 
67  [[__gnu__::__gnu_inline__]]
68  constexpr inline virtual const char* what() const _GLIBCXX_TXN_SAFE_DYN
69  noexcept
70  {
71  return "std::bad_exception";
72  }
73 #else
74  // This declaration is not useless:
75  // http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.0.2/gcc_6.html#SEC118
76  virtual ~bad_exception() _GLIBCXX_TXN_SAFE_DYN _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT;
77 
78  // See comment in eh_exception.cc.
79  virtual const char*
80  what() const _GLIBCXX_TXN_SAFE_DYN _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT;
81 #endif
82  };
83 
84  /// If you write a replacement %terminate handler, it must be of this type.
85  typedef void (*terminate_handler) ();
86 
87  /// Takes a new handler function as an argument, returns the old function.
88  terminate_handler set_terminate(terminate_handler) _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT;
89 
90 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
91  /// Return the current terminate handler.
93 #endif
94 
95  /** The runtime will call this function if %exception handling must be
96  * abandoned for any reason. It can also be called by the user. */
97  void terminate() _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT __attribute__ ((__noreturn__,__cold__));
98 
99 #if __cplusplus < 201703L || (__cplusplus <= 202002L && _GLIBCXX_USE_DEPRECATED)
100  /// If you write a replacement %unexpected handler, it must be of this type.
101  typedef void (*_GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED unexpected_handler) ();
102 
103  /** Takes a new handler function as an argument, returns the old function.
104  *
105  * @deprecated Removed from the C++ standard in C++17
106  */
107  _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED
109 
110 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
111  /** Return the current unexpected handler.
112  *
113  * @since C++11
114  * @deprecated Removed from the C++ standard in C++17
115  */
116  _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED
118 #endif
119 
120  /** The runtime will call this function if an %exception is thrown which
121  * violates the function's %exception specification.
122  *
123  * @deprecated Removed from the C++ standard in C++17
124  */
125  _GLIBCXX11_DEPRECATED
126  void unexpected() __attribute__ ((__noreturn__,__cold__));
127 #endif
128 
129  /** [18.6.4]/1: 'Returns true after completing evaluation of a
130  * throw-expression until either completing initialization of the
131  * exception-declaration in the matching handler or entering `unexpected()`
132  * due to the throw; or after entering `terminate()` for any reason
133  * other than an explicit call to `terminate()`. [Note: This includes
134  * stack unwinding [15.2]. end note]'
135  *
136  * 2: 'When `uncaught_exception()` is true, throwing an
137  * %exception can result in a call of 1terminate()`
138  * (15.5.1).'
139  */
140  _GLIBCXX17_DEPRECATED_SUGGEST("std::uncaught_exceptions()")
141  bool uncaught_exception() _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT __attribute__ ((__pure__));
142 
143 #ifdef __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions // C++ >= 17 || GNU++ >= 03
144  /** The number of uncaught exceptions.
145  * @since C++17, or any non-strict mode, e.g. `-std=gnu++98`
146  * @see uncaught_exception()
147  */
148  int uncaught_exceptions() _GLIBCXX_USE_NOEXCEPT __attribute__ ((__pure__));
149 #endif
150 
151  /// @} group exceptions
152 } // namespace std
153 
154 namespace __gnu_cxx _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
155 {
156 _GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
157 
158  /**
159  * @brief A replacement for the standard terminate_handler which
160  * prints more information about the terminating exception (if any)
161  * on stderr.
162  *
163  * @ingroup exceptions
164  *
165  * Call
166  * @code
167  * std::set_terminate(__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler)
168  * @endcode
169  * to use. For more info, see
170  * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt02ch06s02.html
171  *
172  * In 3.4 and later, this is on by default.
173  */
175 
176 _GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
177 } // namespace
178 
179 } // extern "C++"
180 
181 #if __cplusplus >= 201103L
182 # include <bits/exception_ptr.h>
183 # include <bits/nested_exception.h>
184 #endif
185 
186 #endif
void unexpected()
unexpected_handler get_unexpected() noexcept
void __verbose_terminate_handler()
A replacement for the standard terminate_handler which prints more information about the terminating ...
void(* unexpected_handler)()
If you write a replacement unexpected handler, it must be of this type.
Definition: exception:101
terminate_handler set_terminate(terminate_handler) noexcept
Takes a new handler function as an argument, returns the old function.
void(* terminate_handler)()
If you write a replacement terminate handler, it must be of this type.
Definition: exception:85
GNU extensions for public use.
terminate_handler get_terminate() noexcept
Return the current terminate handler.
unexpected_handler set_unexpected(unexpected_handler) noexcept
virtual const char * what() const noexcept
ISO C++ entities toplevel namespace is std.
bool uncaught_exception() noexcept
void terminate() noexcept
Base class for all library exceptions.
Definition: exception.h:61