stl_pair.h

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// Pair implementation -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2001-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/*
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994
 * Hewlett-Packard Company
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1996,1997
 * Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
 * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
 * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
 * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
 * in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
 * representations about the suitability of this software for any
 * purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
 */

/** @file bits/stl_pair.h
 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{utility}
 */

#ifndef _STL_PAIR_H
#define _STL_PAIR_H 1

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
# include <type_traits>    // for std::__decay_and_strip
# include <bits/move.h>    // for std::move / std::forward, and std::swap
# include <bits/utility.h> // for std::tuple_element, std::tuple_size
#endif
#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
# include <compare>
#endif

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   *  @addtogroup utilities
   *  @{
   */

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  /// Tag type for piecewise construction of std::pair objects.
  struct piecewise_construct_t { explicit piecewise_construct_t() = default; };

  /// Tag for piecewise construction of std::pair objects.
  _GLIBCXX17_INLINE constexpr piecewise_construct_t piecewise_construct =
    piecewise_construct_t();

  /// @cond undocumented

  // Forward declarations.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    struct pair;

  template<typename...>
    class tuple;

  // Declarations of std::array and its std::get overloads, so that
  // std::tuple_cat can use them if <tuple> is included before <array>.
  // We also declare the other std::get overloads here so that they're
  // visible to the P2165R4 tuple-like constructors of pair and tuple.
  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    struct array;

  template<size_t...>
    struct _Index_tuple;

  template<typename _Tp>
    class complex;

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&
    get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __in) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&&
    get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __in) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr const typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&
    get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __in) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr const typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&&
    get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __in) noexcept;

  template<size_t __i, typename... _Elements>
    constexpr __tuple_element_t<__i, tuple<_Elements...>>&
    get(tuple<_Elements...>& __t) noexcept;

  template<size_t __i, typename... _Elements>
    constexpr const __tuple_element_t<__i, tuple<_Elements...>>&
    get(const tuple<_Elements...>& __t) noexcept;

  template<size_t __i, typename... _Elements>
    constexpr __tuple_element_t<__i, tuple<_Elements...>>&&
    get(tuple<_Elements...>&& __t) noexcept;

  template<size_t __i, typename... _Elements>
    constexpr const __tuple_element_t<__i, tuple<_Elements...>>&&
    get(const tuple<_Elements...>&& __t) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr _Tp&
    get(array<_Tp, _Nm>&) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr _Tp&&
    get(array<_Tp, _Nm>&&) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr const _Tp&
    get(const array<_Tp, _Nm>&) noexcept;

  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    constexpr const _Tp&&
    get(const array<_Tp, _Nm>&&) noexcept;

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like >= 202311 // >= C++26
  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp>
    constexpr _Tp&
    get(complex<_Tp>&) noexcept;
  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp>
    constexpr _Tp&&
    get(complex<_Tp>&&) noexcept;
  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp>
    constexpr const _Tp&
    get(const complex<_Tp>&) noexcept;
  template<size_t _Int, typename _Tp>
    constexpr const _Tp&&
    get(const complex<_Tp>&&) noexcept;
#endif

#if ! __cpp_lib_concepts
  // Concept utility functions, reused in conditionally-explicit
  // constructors.
  // See PR 70437, don't look at is_constructible or
  // is_convertible if the types are the same to
  // avoid querying those properties for incomplete types.
  template <bool, typename _T1, typename _T2>
    struct _PCC
    {
      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ConstructiblePair()
      {
        return __and_<is_constructible<_T1, const _U1&>,
                      is_constructible<_T2, const _U2&>>::value;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair()
      {
        return __and_<is_convertible<const _U1&, _T1>,
                      is_convertible<const _U2&, _T2>>::value;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _MoveConstructiblePair()
      {
        return __and_<is_constructible<_T1, _U1&&>,
                      is_constructible<_T2, _U2&&>>::value;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair()
      {
        return __and_<is_convertible<_U1&&, _T1>,
                      is_convertible<_U2&&, _T2>>::value;
      }
    };

  template <typename _T1, typename _T2>
    struct _PCC<false, _T1, _T2>
    {
      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ConstructiblePair()
      {
        return false;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair()
      {
        return false;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _MoveConstructiblePair()
      {
        return false;
      }

      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
      static constexpr bool _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair()
      {
        return false;
      }
    };
#endif // lib concepts
#endif // C++11

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like // >= C++23
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_v = false;

  template<typename... _Ts>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_v<tuple<_Ts...>> = true;

  // TODO: Reuse __is_tuple_like from <type_traits>?
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_like_v = false;

  template<typename... _Elements>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_like_v<tuple<_Elements...>> = true;

  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_like_v<pair<_T1, _T2>> = true;

  template<typename _Tp, size_t _Nm>
    inline constexpr bool __is_tuple_like_v<array<_Tp, _Nm>> = true;

  // __is_tuple_like_v<subrange> is defined in <bits/ranges_util.h>.

  template<typename _Tp>
    concept __tuple_like = __is_tuple_like_v<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>;

  template<typename _Tp>
    concept __pair_like = __tuple_like<_Tp> && tuple_size_v<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>> == 2;

  template<typename _Tp, typename _Tuple>
    concept __eligible_tuple_like
      = __detail::__different_from<_Tp, _Tuple> && __tuple_like<_Tp>
        && (tuple_size_v<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>> == tuple_size_v<_Tuple>)
        && !ranges::__detail::__is_subrange<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>;

  template<typename _Tp, typename _Pair>
    concept __eligible_pair_like
      = __detail::__different_from<_Tp, _Pair> && __pair_like<_Tp>
        && !ranges::__detail::__is_subrange<remove_cvref_t<_Tp>>;
#endif // C++23

  template<typename _U1, typename _U2> class __pair_base
  {
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L && ! __cpp_lib_concepts
    template<typename _T1, typename _T2> friend struct pair;
    __pair_base() = default;
    ~__pair_base() = default;
    __pair_base(const __pair_base&) = default;
    __pair_base& operator=(const __pair_base&) = delete;
#endif // C++11
  };

  /// @endcond

 /**
   *  @brief Struct holding two objects of arbitrary type.
   *
   *  @tparam _T1  Type of first object.
   *  @tparam _T2  Type of second object.
   *
   *  <https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/utilities.html>
   *
   * @headerfile utility
   */
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    struct pair
    : public __pair_base<_T1, _T2>
    {
      typedef _T1 first_type;    ///< The type of the `first` member
      typedef _T2 second_type;   ///< The type of the `second` member

      _T1 first;                 ///< The first member
      _T2 second;                ///< The second member

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
      constexpr pair(const pair&) = default;    ///< Copy constructor
      constexpr pair(pair&&) = default;         ///< Move constructor

      template<typename... _Args1, typename... _Args2>
        _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
        pair(piecewise_construct_t, tuple<_Args1...>, tuple<_Args2...>);

      /// Swap the first members and then the second members.
      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR void
      swap(pair& __p)
      noexcept(__and_<__is_nothrow_swappable<_T1>,
                      __is_nothrow_swappable<_T2>>::value)
      {
        using std::swap;
        swap(first, __p.first);
        swap(second, __p.second);
      }

#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      // As an extension, we constrain the const swap member function in order
      // to continue accepting explicit instantiation of pairs whose elements
      // are not all const swappable.  Without this constraint, such an
      // explicit instantiation would also instantiate the ill-formed body of
      // this function and yield a hard error.  This constraint shouldn't
      // affect the behavior of valid programs.
      constexpr void
      swap(const pair& __p) const
      noexcept(__and_v<__is_nothrow_swappable<const _T1>,
                       __is_nothrow_swappable<const _T2>>)
      requires is_swappable_v<const _T1> && is_swappable_v<const _T2>
      {
        using std::swap;
        swap(first, __p.first);
        swap(second, __p.second);
      }
#endif // C++23

    private:
      template<typename... _Args1, size_t... _Indexes1,
               typename... _Args2, size_t... _Indexes2>
        _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
        pair(tuple<_Args1...>&, tuple<_Args2...>&,
             _Index_tuple<_Indexes1...>, _Index_tuple<_Indexes2...>);
    public:

#if __cpp_lib_concepts
      // C++20 implementation using concepts, explicit(bool), fully constexpr.

      /// Default constructor
      constexpr
      explicit(__not_<__and_<__is_implicitly_default_constructible<_T1>,
                             __is_implicitly_default_constructible<_T2>>>())
      pair()
      noexcept(is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_T1>
                && is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_T2>)
      requires is_default_constructible_v<_T1>
               && is_default_constructible_v<_T2>
      : first(), second()
      { }

    private:

      /// @cond undocumented
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_constructible()
        {
          if constexpr (is_constructible_v<_T1, _U1>)
            return is_constructible_v<_T2, _U2>;
          return false;
        }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_nothrow_constructible()
        {
          if constexpr (is_nothrow_constructible_v<_T1, _U1>)
            return is_nothrow_constructible_v<_T2, _U2>;
          return false;
        }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_convertible()
        {
          if constexpr (is_convertible_v<_U1, _T1>)
            return is_convertible_v<_U2, _T2>;
          return false;
        }

      // True if construction from _U1 and _U2 would create a dangling ref.
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_dangles()
        {
#if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
          if constexpr (__reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T1, _U1&&))
            return true;
          else
            return __reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T2, _U2&&);
#else
          return false;
#endif
        }

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _UPair>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_constructible_from_pair_like()
        {
          return _S_constructible<decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<_UPair>())),
                                  decltype(std::get<1>(std::declval<_UPair>()))>();
        }

      template<typename _UPair>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_convertible_from_pair_like()
        {
          return _S_convertible<decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<_UPair>())),
                                decltype(std::get<1>(std::declval<_UPair>()))>();
        }

      template<typename _UPair>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_dangles_from_pair_like()
        {
          return _S_dangles<decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<_UPair>())),
                            decltype(std::get<1>(std::declval<_UPair>()))>();
        }
#endif // C++23
      /// @endcond

    public:

      /// Constructor accepting lvalues of `first_type` and `second_type`
      constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<const _T1&, const _T2&>())
      pair(const type_identity_t<_T1>& __x, const _T2& __y)
      noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<const _T1&, const _T2&>())
      requires (_S_constructible<const _T1&, const _T2&>())
      : first(__x), second(__y)
      { }

      /// Constructor accepting two values of arbitrary types
#if __cplusplus > 202002L
      template<typename _U1 = _T1, typename _U2 = _T2>
#else
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
#endif
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1, _U2>()) && (!_S_dangles<_U1, _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1, _U2>())
        pair(_U1&& __x, _U2&& __y)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<_U1, _U2>())
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__x)), second(std::forward<_U2>(__y))
        { }

#if __cplusplus > 202002L
      template<typename _U1 = _T1, typename _U2 = _T2>
#else
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
#endif
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1, _U2>()) && (_S_dangles<_U1, _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1, _U2>())
        pair(_U1&&, _U2&&) = delete;

      /// Converting constructor from a const `pair<U1, U2>` lvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
          && (!_S_dangles<_U1, _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        : first(__p.first), second(__p.second)
        { }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
              && (_S_dangles<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>&) = delete;

      /// Converting constructor from a non-const `pair<U1, U2>` rvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1, _U2>()) && (!_S_dangles<_U1, _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1, _U2>())
        pair(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<_U1, _U2>())
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__p.first)),
          second(std::forward<_U2>(__p.second))
        { }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1, _U2>()) && (_S_dangles<_U1, _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1, _U2>())
        pair(pair<_U1, _U2>&&) = delete;

#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      /// Converting constructor from a non-const `pair<U1, U2>` lvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1&, _U2&>()) && (!_S_dangles<_U1&, _U2&>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1&, _U2&>())
        pair(pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<_U1&, _U2&>())
        : first(__p.first), second(__p.second)
        { }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<_U1&, _U2&>()) && (_S_dangles<_U1&, _U2&>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<_U1&, _U2&>())
        pair(pair<_U1, _U2>&) = delete;

      /// Converting constructor from a const `pair<U1, U2>` rvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<const _U1, const _U2>())
          && (!_S_dangles<const _U1, const _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<const _U1, const _U2>())
        pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_constructible<const _U1, const _U2>())
        : first(std::forward<const _U1>(__p.first)),
          second(std::forward<const _U2>(__p.second))
        { }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        requires (_S_constructible<const _U1, const _U2>())
          && (_S_dangles<const _U1, const _U2>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible<const _U1, const _U2>())
        pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>&&) = delete;
#endif // C++23

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<__eligible_pair_like<pair> _UPair>
        requires (_S_constructible_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
          && (!_S_dangles_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
        pair(_UPair&& __p)
        : first(std::get<0>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p))),
          second(std::get<1>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p)))
        { }

      template<__eligible_pair_like<pair> _UPair>
        requires (_S_constructible_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
          && (_S_dangles_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
        constexpr explicit(!_S_convertible_from_pair_like<_UPair>())
        pair(_UPair&&) = delete;
#endif // C++23

  private:
      /// @cond undocumented
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_assignable()
        {
          if constexpr (is_assignable_v<_T1&, _U1>)
            return is_assignable_v<_T2&, _U2>;
          return false;
        }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_const_assignable()
        {
          if constexpr (is_assignable_v<const _T1&, _U1>)
            return is_assignable_v<const _T2&, _U2>;
          return false;
        }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_nothrow_assignable()
        {
          if constexpr (is_nothrow_assignable_v<_T1&, _U1>)
            return is_nothrow_assignable_v<_T2&, _U2>;
          return false;
        }

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _UPair>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_assignable_from_tuple_like()
        {
          return _S_assignable<decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<_UPair>())),
                               decltype(std::get<1>(std::declval<_UPair>()))>();
        }

      template<typename _UPair>
        static constexpr bool
        _S_const_assignable_from_tuple_like()
        {
          return _S_const_assignable<decltype(std::get<0>(std::declval<_UPair>())),
                                     decltype(std::get<1>(std::declval<_UPair>()))>();
        }
#endif // C++23
      /// @endcond

  public:

      pair& operator=(const pair&) = delete;

      /// Copy assignment operator
      constexpr pair&
      operator=(const pair& __p)
      noexcept(_S_nothrow_assignable<const _T1&, const _T2&>())
      requires (_S_assignable<const _T1&, const _T2&>())
      {
        first = __p.first;
        second = __p.second;
        return *this;
      }

      /// Move assignment operator
      constexpr pair&
      operator=(pair&& __p)
      noexcept(_S_nothrow_assignable<_T1, _T2>())
      requires (_S_assignable<_T1, _T2>())
      {
        first = std::forward<first_type>(__p.first);
        second = std::forward<second_type>(__p.second);
        return *this;
      }

      /// Converting assignment from a const `pair<U1, U2>` lvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        constexpr pair&
        operator=(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_assignable<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        requires (_S_assignable<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        {
          first = __p.first;
          second = __p.second;
          return *this;
        }

      /// Converting assignment from a non-const `pair<U1, U2>` rvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        constexpr pair&
        operator=(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        noexcept(_S_nothrow_assignable<_U1, _U2>())
        requires (_S_assignable<_U1, _U2>())
        {
          first = std::forward<_U1>(__p.first);
          second = std::forward<_U2>(__p.second);
          return *this;
        }

#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      /// Copy assignment operator (const)
      constexpr const pair&
      operator=(const pair& __p) const
      requires (_S_const_assignable<const first_type&, const second_type&>())
      {
        first = __p.first;
        second = __p.second;
        return *this;
      }

      /// Move assignment operator (const)
      constexpr const pair&
      operator=(pair&& __p) const
      requires (_S_const_assignable<first_type, second_type>())
      {
        first = std::forward<first_type>(__p.first);
        second = std::forward<second_type>(__p.second);
        return *this;
      }

      /// Converting assignment from a const `pair<U1, U2>` lvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        constexpr const pair&
        operator=(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p) const
        requires (_S_const_assignable<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
        {
          first = __p.first;
          second = __p.second;
          return *this;
        }

      /// Converting assignment from a non-const `pair<U1, U2>` rvalue
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        constexpr const pair&
        operator=(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p) const
        requires (_S_const_assignable<_U1, _U2>())
        {
          first = std::forward<_U1>(__p.first);
          second = std::forward<_U2>(__p.second);
          return *this;
        }
#endif // C++23

#if __glibcxx_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<__eligible_pair_like<pair> _UPair>
        requires (_S_assignable_from_tuple_like<_UPair>())
        constexpr pair&
        operator=(_UPair&& __p)
        {
          first = std::get<0>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p));
          second = std::get<1>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p));
          return *this;
        }

      template<__eligible_pair_like<pair> _UPair>
        requires (_S_const_assignable_from_tuple_like<_UPair>())
        constexpr const pair&
        operator=(_UPair&& __p) const
        {
          first = std::get<0>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p));
          second = std::get<1>(std::forward<_UPair>(__p));
          return *this;
        }
#endif // C++23

#else // !__cpp_lib_concepts
      // C++11/14/17 implementation using enable_if, partially constexpr.

      /// @cond undocumented
      // Error if construction from _U1 and _U2 would create a dangling ref.
#if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary) \
      && defined _GLIBCXX_DEBUG
# define __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1, _U2) \
  static_assert(!__reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T1, _U1) \
               && !__reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T2, _U2), \
                "std::pair constructor creates a dangling reference")
#else
# define __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1, _U2)
#endif
      /// @endcond

      /** The default constructor creates @c first and @c second using their
       *  respective default constructors.  */
      template <typename _U1 = _T1,
                typename _U2 = _T2,
                typename enable_if<__and_<
                                     __is_implicitly_default_constructible<_U1>,
                                     __is_implicitly_default_constructible<_U2>>
                                   ::value, bool>::type = true>
      constexpr pair()
      : first(), second() { }

      template <typename _U1 = _T1,
                typename _U2 = _T2,
                typename enable_if<__and_<
                       is_default_constructible<_U1>,
                       is_default_constructible<_U2>,
                       __not_<
                         __and_<__is_implicitly_default_constructible<_U1>,
                                __is_implicitly_default_constructible<_U2>>>>
                                   ::value, bool>::type = false>
      explicit constexpr pair()
      : first(), second() { }

      // Shortcut for constraining the templates that don't take pairs.
      /// @cond undocumented
      using _PCCP = _PCC<true, _T1, _T2>;
      /// @endcond

      /// Construct from two const lvalues, allowing implicit conversions.
      template<typename _U1 = _T1, typename _U2=_T2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCP::template
                           _ConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                         && _PCCP::template
                           _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=true>
      constexpr pair(const _T1& __a, const _T2& __b)
      : first(__a), second(__b) { }

      /// Construct from two const lvalues, disallowing implicit conversions.
       template<typename _U1 = _T1, typename _U2=_T2, typename
                enable_if<_PCCP::template
                            _ConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                          && !_PCCP::template
                            _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=false>
      explicit constexpr pair(const _T1& __a, const _T2& __b)
      : first(__a), second(__b) { }

      // Shortcut for constraining the templates that take pairs.
      /// @cond undocumented
      template <typename _U1, typename _U2>
        using _PCCFP = _PCC<!is_same<_T1, _U1>::value
                            || !is_same<_T2, _U2>::value,
                            _T1, _T2>;
      /// @endcond

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                         && _PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                          bool>::type=true>
        constexpr pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        : first(__p.first), second(__p.second)
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(const _U1&, const _U2&); }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                         && !_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ImplicitlyConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=false>
        explicit constexpr pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        : first(__p.first), second(__p.second)
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(const _U1&, const _U2&); }

#if _GLIBCXX_USE_DEPRECATED
#if defined(__DEPRECATED)
# define _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR \
      __attribute__ ((__deprecated__ ("use 'nullptr' instead of '0' to " \
                                      "initialize std::pair of move-only " \
                                      "type and pointer")))
#else
# define _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
#endif

    private:
      /// @cond undocumented

      // A type which can be constructed from literal zero, but not nullptr
      struct __zero_as_null_pointer_constant
      {
        __zero_as_null_pointer_constant(int __zero_as_null_pointer_constant::*)
        { }
        template<typename _Tp,
                 typename = __enable_if_t<is_null_pointer<_Tp>::value>>
        __zero_as_null_pointer_constant(_Tp) = delete;
      };
      /// @endcond
    public:

      // Deprecated extensions to DR 811.
      // These allow construction from an rvalue and a literal zero,
      // in cases where the standard says the zero should be deduced as int
      template<typename _U1,
               __enable_if_t<__and_<__not_<is_reference<_U1>>,
                                    is_pointer<_T2>,
                                    is_constructible<_T1, _U1>,
                                    __not_<is_constructible<_T1, const _U1&>>,
                                    is_convertible<_U1, _T1>>::value,
                             bool> = true>
        _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
        constexpr
        pair(_U1&& __x, __zero_as_null_pointer_constant, ...)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__x)), second(nullptr)
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, std::nullptr_t); }

      template<typename _U1,
               __enable_if_t<__and_<__not_<is_reference<_U1>>,
                                    is_pointer<_T2>,
                                    is_constructible<_T1, _U1>,
                                    __not_<is_constructible<_T1, const _U1&>>,
                                    __not_<is_convertible<_U1, _T1>>>::value,
                             bool> = false>
        _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
        explicit constexpr
        pair(_U1&& __x, __zero_as_null_pointer_constant, ...)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__x)), second(nullptr)
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, std::nullptr_t); }

      template<typename _U2,
               __enable_if_t<__and_<is_pointer<_T1>,
                                    __not_<is_reference<_U2>>,
                                    is_constructible<_T2, _U2>,
                                    __not_<is_constructible<_T2, const _U2&>>,
                                    is_convertible<_U2, _T2>>::value,
                             bool> = true>
        _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
        constexpr
        pair(__zero_as_null_pointer_constant, _U2&& __y, ...)
        : first(nullptr), second(std::forward<_U2>(__y))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(std::nullptr_t, _U2&&); }

      template<typename _U2,
               __enable_if_t<__and_<is_pointer<_T1>,
                                    __not_<is_reference<_U2>>,
                                    is_constructible<_T2, _U2>,
                                    __not_<is_constructible<_T2, const _U2&>>,
                                    __not_<is_convertible<_U2, _T2>>>::value,
                             bool> = false>
        _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
        explicit constexpr
        pair(__zero_as_null_pointer_constant, _U2&& __y, ...)
        : first(nullptr), second(std::forward<_U2>(__y))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(std::nullptr_t, _U2&&); }
#undef _GLIBCXX_DEPRECATED_PAIR_CTOR
#endif

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCP::template
                           _MoveConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                          && _PCCP::template
                           _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=true>
        constexpr pair(_U1&& __x, _U2&& __y)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__x)), second(std::forward<_U2>(__y))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, _U2&&); }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCP::template
                           _MoveConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                          && !_PCCP::template
                           _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=false>
        explicit constexpr pair(_U1&& __x, _U2&& __y)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__x)), second(std::forward<_U2>(__y))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, _U2&&); }


      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _MoveConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                          && _PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=true>
        constexpr pair(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__p.first)),
          second(std::forward<_U2>(__p.second))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, _U2&&); }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2, typename
               enable_if<_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _MoveConstructiblePair<_U1, _U2>()
                          && !_PCCFP<_U1, _U2>::template
                           _ImplicitlyMoveConvertiblePair<_U1, _U2>(),
                         bool>::type=false>
        explicit constexpr pair(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        : first(std::forward<_U1>(__p.first)),
          second(std::forward<_U2>(__p.second))
        { __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs(_U1&&, _U2&&); }

#undef __glibcxx_no_dangling_refs

      pair&
      operator=(__conditional_t<__and_<is_copy_assignable<_T1>,
                                       is_copy_assignable<_T2>>::value,
                                const pair&, const __nonesuch&> __p)
      {
        first = __p.first;
        second = __p.second;
        return *this;
      }

      pair&
      operator=(__conditional_t<__and_<is_move_assignable<_T1>,
                                       is_move_assignable<_T2>>::value,
                                pair&&, __nonesuch&&> __p)
      noexcept(__and_<is_nothrow_move_assignable<_T1>,
                      is_nothrow_move_assignable<_T2>>::value)
      {
        first = std::forward<first_type>(__p.first);
        second = std::forward<second_type>(__p.second);
        return *this;
      }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        typename enable_if<__and_<is_assignable<_T1&, const _U1&>,
                                  is_assignable<_T2&, const _U2&>>::value,
                           pair&>::type
        operator=(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        {
          first = __p.first;
          second = __p.second;
          return *this;
        }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        typename enable_if<__and_<is_assignable<_T1&, _U1&&>,
                                  is_assignable<_T2&, _U2&&>>::value,
                           pair&>::type
        operator=(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __p)
        {
          first = std::forward<_U1>(__p.first);
          second = std::forward<_U2>(__p.second);
          return *this;
        }
#endif // lib concepts
#else
      // C++03 implementation

      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 265.  std::pair::pair() effects overly restrictive
      /** The default constructor creates @c first and @c second using their
       *  respective default constructors.  */
      pair() : first(), second() { }

      /// Two objects may be passed to a `pair` constructor to be copied.
      pair(const _T1& __a, const _T2& __b)
      : first(__a), second(__b) { }

      /// Templated constructor to convert from other pairs.
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
        pair(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __p)
        : first(__p.first), second(__p.second)
        {
#if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedefs"
          typedef int _DanglingCheck1[
            __reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T1, const _U1&) ? -1 : 1
                      ];
          typedef int _DanglingCheck2[
            __reference_constructs_from_temporary(_T2, const _U2&) ? -1 : 1
                      ];
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
        }
#endif // C++11
    };

  /// @relates pair @{

#if __cpp_deduction_guides >= 201606
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2> pair(_T1, _T2) -> pair<_T1, _T2>;
#endif

#if __cpp_lib_three_way_comparison
  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 3865. Sorting a range of pairs

  /// Two pairs are equal iff their members are equal.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _U1, typename _U2>
    [[nodiscard]]
    constexpr bool
    operator==(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_U1, _U2>& __y)
    requires requires {
      { __x.first == __y.first } -> __detail::__boolean_testable;
      { __x.second == __y.second } -> __detail::__boolean_testable;
    }
    { return __x.first == __y.first && __x.second == __y.second; }

  /** Defines a lexicographical order for pairs.
   *
   * For two pairs of comparable types, `P` is ordered before `Q` if
   * `P.first` is less than `Q.first`, or if `P.first` and `Q.first`
   * are equivalent (neither is less than the other) and `P.second` is
   * less than `Q.second`.
  */
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _U1, typename _U2>
    [[nodiscard]]
    constexpr common_comparison_category_t<__detail::__synth3way_t<_T1, _U1>,
                                           __detail::__synth3way_t<_T2, _U2>>
    operator<=>(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_U1, _U2>& __y)
    {
      if (auto __c = __detail::__synth3way(__x.first, __y.first); __c != 0)
        return __c;
      return __detail::__synth3way(__x.second, __y.second);
    }
#else
  /// Two pairs of the same type are equal iff their members are equal.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator==(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return __x.first == __y.first && __x.second == __y.second; }

  /** Defines a lexicographical order for pairs.
   *
   * For two pairs of the same type, `P` is ordered before `Q` if
   * `P.first` is less than `Q.first`, or if `P.first` and `Q.first`
   * are equivalent (neither is less than the other) and `P.second` is less
   * than `Q.second`.
  */
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator<(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return __x.first < __y.first
             || (!(__y.first < __x.first) && __x.second < __y.second); }

  /// Uses @c operator== to find the result.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator!=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return !(__x == __y); }

  /// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator>(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return __y < __x; }

  /// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator<=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return !(__y < __x); }

  /// Uses @c operator< to find the result.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX_NODISCARD
    inline _GLIBCXX_CONSTEXPR bool
    operator>=(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    { return !(__x < __y); }
#endif // !(three_way_comparison && concepts)

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  /** Swap overload for pairs. Calls std::pair::swap().
   *
   * @note This std::swap overload is not declared in C++03 mode,
   * which has performance implications, e.g. see https://gcc.gnu.org/PR38466
  */
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR inline
#if __cplusplus > 201402L || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) // c++1z or gnu++11
    // Constrained free swap overload, see p0185r1
    typename enable_if<__and_<__is_swappable<_T1>,
                              __is_swappable<_T2>>::value>::type
#else
    void
#endif
    swap(pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    noexcept(noexcept(__x.swap(__y)))
    { __x.swap(__y); }

#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    requires is_swappable_v<const _T1> && is_swappable_v<const _T2>
    constexpr void
    swap(const pair<_T1, _T2>& __x, const pair<_T1, _T2>& __y)
    noexcept(noexcept(__x.swap(__y)))
    { __x.swap(__y); }
#endif // C++23

#if __cplusplus > 201402L || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__) // c++1z or gnu++11
  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 2766. Swapping non-swappable types
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    typename enable_if<!__and_<__is_swappable<_T1>,
                               __is_swappable<_T2>>::value>::type
    swap(pair<_T1, _T2>&, pair<_T1, _T2>&) = delete;
#endif
#endif // __cplusplus >= 201103L

  /// @} relates pair

  /**
   *  @brief A convenience wrapper for creating a pair from two objects.
   *  @param  __x  The first object.
   *  @param  __y  The second object.
   *  @return   A newly-constructed pair<> object of the appropriate type.
   *
   *  The C++98 standard says the objects are passed by reference-to-const,
   *  but C++03 says they are passed by value (this was LWG issue #181).
   *
   *  Since C++11 they have been passed by forwarding reference and then
   *  forwarded to the new members of the pair. To create a pair with a
   *  member of reference type, pass a `reference_wrapper` to this function.
   */
  // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
  // 181.  make_pair() unintended behavior
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  // NB: DR 706.
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    constexpr pair<typename __decay_and_strip<_T1>::__type,
                   typename __decay_and_strip<_T2>::__type>
    make_pair(_T1&& __x, _T2&& __y)
    {
      typedef typename __decay_and_strip<_T1>::__type __ds_type1;
      typedef typename __decay_and_strip<_T2>::__type __ds_type2;
      typedef pair<__ds_type1, __ds_type2>            __pair_type;
      return __pair_type(std::forward<_T1>(__x), std::forward<_T2>(__y));
    }
#else
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    inline pair<_T1, _T2>
    make_pair(_T1 __x, _T2 __y)
    { return pair<_T1, _T2>(__x, __y); }
#endif

  /// @}

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
  // Various functions which give std::pair a tuple-like interface.

  /// @cond undocumented
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
    struct __is_tuple_like_impl<pair<_T1, _T2>> : true_type
    { };
  /// @endcond

  /// Partial specialization for std::pair
  template<class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    struct tuple_size<pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>
    : public integral_constant<size_t, 2> { };

  /// Partial specialization for std::pair
  template<class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    struct tuple_element<0, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>
    { typedef _Tp1 type; };

  /// Partial specialization for std::pair
  template<class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    struct tuple_element<1, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>
    { typedef _Tp2 type; };

#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
  template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
    inline constexpr size_t tuple_size_v<pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>> = 2;

  template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
    inline constexpr size_t tuple_size_v<const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>> = 2;
#endif

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++14-extensions" // variable templates
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++17-extensions" // inline variables
  template<typename _Tp>
    inline constexpr bool __is_pair = false;

  template<typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    inline constexpr bool __is_pair<pair<_Tp, _Up>> = true;
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

  /// @cond undocumented
  template<size_t _Int>
    struct __pair_get;

  template<>
    struct __pair_get<0>
    {
      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr _Tp1&
        __get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __pair) noexcept
        { return __pair.first; }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr _Tp1&&
        __move_get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __pair) noexcept
        { return std::forward<_Tp1>(__pair.first); }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr const _Tp1&
        __const_get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __pair) noexcept
        { return __pair.first; }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr const _Tp1&&
        __const_move_get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __pair) noexcept
        { return std::forward<const _Tp1>(__pair.first); }
    };

  template<>
    struct __pair_get<1>
    {
      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr _Tp2&
        __get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __pair) noexcept
        { return __pair.second; }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr _Tp2&&
        __move_get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __pair) noexcept
        { return std::forward<_Tp2>(__pair.second); }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr const _Tp2&
        __const_get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __pair) noexcept
        { return __pair.second; }

      template<typename _Tp1, typename _Tp2>
        static constexpr const _Tp2&&
        __const_move_get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __pair) noexcept
        { return std::forward<const _Tp2>(__pair.second); }
    };
  /// @endcond

  /** @{
   * std::get overloads for accessing members of std::pair
   */

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&
    get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __in) noexcept
    { return __pair_get<_Int>::__get(__in); }

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&&
    get(pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __in) noexcept
    { return __pair_get<_Int>::__move_get(std::move(__in)); }

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr const typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&
    get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>& __in) noexcept
    { return __pair_get<_Int>::__const_get(__in); }

  template<size_t _Int, class _Tp1, class _Tp2>
    constexpr const typename tuple_element<_Int, pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>>::type&&
    get(const pair<_Tp1, _Tp2>&& __in) noexcept
    { return __pair_get<_Int>::__const_move_get(std::move(__in)); }


#ifdef __glibcxx_tuples_by_type // C++ >= 14
  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr _Tp&
    get(pair<_Tp, _Up>& __p) noexcept
    { return __p.first; }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr const _Tp&
    get(const pair<_Tp, _Up>& __p) noexcept
    { return __p.first; }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr _Tp&&
    get(pair<_Tp, _Up>&& __p) noexcept
    { return std::forward<_Tp>(__p.first); }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr const _Tp&&
    get(const pair<_Tp, _Up>&& __p) noexcept
    { return std::forward<const _Tp>(__p.first); }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr _Tp&
    get(pair<_Up, _Tp>& __p) noexcept
    { return __p.second; }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr const _Tp&
    get(const pair<_Up, _Tp>& __p) noexcept
    { return __p.second; }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr _Tp&&
    get(pair<_Up, _Tp>&& __p) noexcept
    { return std::forward<_Tp>(__p.second); }

  template <typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr const _Tp&&
    get(const pair<_Up, _Tp>&& __p) noexcept
    { return std::forward<const _Tp>(__p.second); }
#endif // __glibcxx_tuples_by_type


#if __glibcxx_ranges_zip // >= C++23
  template<typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _U1, typename _U2,
           template<typename> class _TQual, template<typename> class _UQual>
    requires requires { typename pair<common_reference_t<_TQual<_T1>, _UQual<_U1>>,
                                      common_reference_t<_TQual<_T2>, _UQual<_U2>>>; }
  struct basic_common_reference<pair<_T1, _T2>, pair<_U1, _U2>, _TQual, _UQual>
  {
    using type = pair<common_reference_t<_TQual<_T1>, _UQual<_U1>>,
                      common_reference_t<_TQual<_T2>, _UQual<_U2>>>;
  };

  template<typename _T1, typename _T2, typename _U1, typename _U2>
    requires requires { typename pair<common_type_t<_T1, _U1>, common_type_t<_T2, _U2>>; }
  struct common_type<pair<_T1, _T2>, pair<_U1, _U2>>
  { using type = pair<common_type_t<_T1, _U1>, common_type_t<_T2, _U2>>; };
#endif // C++23

  /// @}
#endif // C++11

_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
} // namespace std

#endif /* _STL_PAIR_H */